The Impact of Working Capital Management on Investment Efficiency: Evidence from Emerging Countries

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2024.034.01

Ключевые слова:

Working capital management, investment efficiency, emerging countries.

Аннотация

This article aims to investigate the impact of the firm’s working capital management policies and practices on the efficiency of their investments. The sample consists of 6016 non-financial firms and the data have been collected for the period from 2009 to 2021. We conducted pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and panel regression and employed the generalized method of moments to explore the dynamic nature of the relationship. The results revealed that, in static models, pooled OLS regression showed a positive relationship between CCC and investment efficiency, whereas panel regression reported a negative relationship. A similar case is confirmed by the dynamic models. The non-linear models which include the square of CCC confirmed an inverted U-shape relationship, implying an optimal level of CCC. The findings of the study are expected to have implications for corporate managers, the users of financial statements, as well as policymakers and regulatory bodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical study investigating the impact of
working capital on investment efficiency. It makes an original contribution to the literature by presenting novel empirical evidence on the topic from emerging countries in a multi-country and multi-industry context.

Библиографические ссылки

Afrin, S. & Rahman, M.M. (2023). Does CSR affect investment efficiency? The moderating role of company reputation. PSU Research Review, 8(3), 774-793. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-03-2023-0024

Aldubhani, M.A.Q., Wang, J., Gong, T. & Maudhah, R.A. (2022). Impact of working capital management on profitability: evidence from listed companies in Qatar. Journal of Money and Business, 2(1), 70-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMB-08-2021-0032

Al-Hiyari, A., Ismail, A.I., Kolsi, M.C. & Kehinde, O.H. (2023). Environmental, social and governance performance (ESG) and firm investment efficiency in emerging markets: the interaction effect of board cultural diversity. Corporate Governance, 23(3), 650-673. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-03-2022-0133

Alkaraan, F. (2020). Strategic investment decision-making practices in large manufacturing companies: a role for emergent analysis techniques? Meditari Accountancy Research, 28(4), 633-653, https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-05-2019-0484

Altaf, N. & Shah, F.A. (2018). How does working capital management affect the profitability of Indian companies? Journal of Advances in Management Research, 15(3), 347–366. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-06-2017-0076

Altaf, N. (2020). Working Capital Financing, Firm Performance and Financial Flexibility: Evidence from Indian Hospitality Firms. Global Business Review, 25(2_suppl). S199-S210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150920961371

Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D

Baños-Caballero, S., García-Teruel, P. J., & Martínez-Solano, P. (2016). Financing of working capital requirement, financial flexibility and SME performance. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 17(6). 1189–1204. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2015.1081272

Baños-Caballero, S., García-Teruel, P.J., & Martínez-Solano, P. (2012). How does working capital management affect the profitability of Spanish SMEs? Small Business Economics, 39(2), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9317-8

Benlemlih, M. & Bitar, M. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and investment efficiency. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(3), 647-671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3020-2

Biddle, G.C., Hilary, G. & Verdi, R.S. (2009). How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 48(2), 112-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.09.001

Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (2000). GMM estimation with persistent panel data: an application to production functions. Econometric Reviews, 19(3), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/07474930008800475

Boisjoly, R.P., Conine, T.E. Jr. & McDonald, I.V., M.B. (2020). Working capital management: financial and valuation impacts. Journal of Business Research, 108, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.025

Braimah, A., Mu, Y., Quaye, I., & Ibrahim, A. A. (2021). Working Capital Management and SMEs Profitability in Emerging Economies: The Ghanaian Case. Sage Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021989317

Byoun, S. 2008. How and when do firms adjust their capital structures toward targets? Journal of Finance, 63(6), 3069–3096. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01421.x

Chen, F., Hope, O.K., Li, Q. & Wang, X. (2011). Financial reporting quality and investment efficiency of private firms in emerging markets. The Accounting Review, 86(4), 1255-1288. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10040

Cook, K.A., Romi, A.M., Sanchez, D. & Sanchez, J.M. (2019). The influence of corporate social responsibility on investment efficiency and innovation. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 46(3/4), 494-537. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12360

De Jong, A., Verbeek, M., & Verwijmeren, P. (2012). Does financial flexibility reduce investment distortions? Journal of Financial Research, 35(2). 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.2012.01316.x

Ek, R. & Guerin, S. (2011). Is there a right level of working capital? Journal of Corporate Treasury Management, 49(2), 137–149.

Ellili, N.O.D. (2022). Impact of ESG disclosure and financial reporting quality on investment efficiency. Corporate Governance, 22(5), 1094-1111. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-06-2021-0209

Faulkender, M.; Wang, R. 2006. Corporate financial policy and the value of cash. Journal of Finance, 61(4), 1957–1990. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00894.x

Fazzari, S. M., & Petersen, B. C. (1993). Working capital and fixed investment: new evidence on financing constraints. The RAND Journal of Economics, 24(3), 328-342. https://doi.org/10.2307/2555961

Fernandes, G., dos Santos Mendes, L., & de Oliveira Leite, R. (2021). Cash holdings and profitability of banks in developed and emerging markets. International Review of Economics and Finance, 71, 880–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.10.018

Gamba, A. & Triantis, A. (2008). The value of financial flexibility. The Journal of Finance, 63(5). 2263–2296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01397.x

Hammami, A. & Hendijani Zadeh, M. (2020). Audit quality, media coverage, environmental, social, and governance disclosure and firm investment efficiency: Evidence from Canada. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 28(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-03-2019-0041

Harris, C. & Li, Z. (2021). Negative operating cash flows and investment inefficiency. Managerial Finance, 47(10), 1408-1427. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-06-2020-0300

Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 46(6), 1251-1271. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827

Jensen, M.C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow: corporate finance and takeovers. The American Economic Review, 76(2), 323-329.

Lambert, R., Leuz, C., & Verrecchia, R. E. (2007). Accounting information, disclosure, and the cost of capital. Journal of Accounting Research, 45(2), 385-420.

Lambrinoudakis, C., Skiadopoulos, G. & Gkionis, K. (2019). Capital structure and financial flexibility: Expectations of future shocks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 104, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.03.016

Lang, L., Ofek, E. & Stulz, R. (1996). Leverage, investment, and firm growth. Journal of Financial Economics, 40(1), 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(95)00842-3

Lara, J.M.G., Osma, B.G. & Penalva, F. (2016). Accounting conservatism and firm investment efficiency. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61(1), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2015.07.003

Lei, Z., Mingchao, C., Wang, Y. & Yu, J. (2014). Managerial private benefits and overinvestment. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 50(3), 126-161. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X500308

Ma, C.-A. & Jin, Y. (2016). What Drives the Relationship Between Financial Flexibility and Firm Performance: Investment Scale or Investment Efficiency? Evidence From China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(9), 2043-2055. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2015.1098036

Marchica, M. T., & Mura, R. (2010). Financial flexibility, investment ability, and firm value: Evidence from firms with spare debt capacity. Financial Management, 39(4). 1339–1365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01115.x

Modigliani, F. & Miller, M.H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), 261-297.

Moradi, M., Yazdifar, H., Eskandar, H. & Namazi, N.R. (2022). Institutional ownership and investment efficiency: evidence from Iran. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(7), 290, https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15070290

Myers, S. & Majluf, N. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13, 187-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(84)90023-0

Nizaeva, M. & Coskun, A. (2021). Determinants of the Financial Constraint and Its Effects on the SME Growth in Central Asia. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 14(27), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2021.027.01

Northcott, D. & Alkaraan, F. (2007). Strategic investment appraisal, in Hopper, T., Northcott, D. & Scapens, R. (Eds). Issues in Management Accounting, Pearson Education, London.

Osisioma, B. (1997). Sources and management of working capital. Journal of Management Sciences, 2, 21-26.

Sawarni, K.S., Narayanasamy, S., Chattopadhyay, S. & Chakrabarti, P. (2022). Working capital management, financial performance and growth of firms: empirical evidence from India. Journal of Indian Business Research, 4(4), 361-381. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-12-2020-0382

Tahat, Y.A., Ahmed, A.H. & Power, D. (2022). Earnings quality and investment efficiency: the role of the institutional settings. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 58(3), 1277-1306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-021-01024-w

Tobin, J. (1969). A general equilibrium approach to monetary theory. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 1(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.2307/1991374

Verdi, R.S. (2006). Financial reporting quality and investment efficiency, SSRN, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.930922

Wu, W., Alkaraan, F. & Le, C. (2023). The moderating effects of corporate governance and investment efficiency on the nexus between financial flexibility and firm performance. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-05-2023-0234

Wu, W., Le, C., Shi, Y. & Alkaraan, F. (2024). The influence of financial flexibility on firm performance: the moderating effects of investment efficiency and investment scale. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-07-2023-0192

Yilmaz, I. & Nobanee, H. (2023). The nexus between cash conversion cycle and operating performance: novel evidence from MENA region. International Journal of Emerging Markets, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-03-2023-0310

Опубликован

30-11-2024

Как цитировать

YILMAZ, I. (2024). The Impact of Working Capital Management on Investment Efficiency: Evidence from Emerging Countries. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 17(34), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2024.034.01

Выпуск

Раздел

Articles